中国胶粘剂

以快速热解技术对杨木进行热解得到生物油（BO），再将生物油掺入酚醛树脂（PF）进行改性，通过半合成法合成一种生物油-酚醛树脂复合胶粘剂，并对其性能和物化性质做出表征和讨论。利用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术来测定热解生物油中的主要组分，尤其是对酚醛树脂改性发挥关键作用的酚类物质。对制备好的生物油-酚醛树脂胶粘剂进行了黏度、pH、固含率、吸水率、红外检测、热重分析和X射线衍射分析等测试。研究结果表明：（1）生物油改性的酚醛树脂胶粘剂的黏度、pH与固含率均随生物油掺杂比例的增加而下降，不同比例生物油改性的酚醛树脂吸水率相差不大，但均高于纯酚醛树脂胶粘剂的吸水率。总之，生物油改性的酚醛树脂胶粘剂黏度更小，酸性更强，固含率更小，吸水率更大。（2）改性胶粘剂的拉伸强度随生物油掺杂比例的增加呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。当m(BO)∶m(PF)=2∶8时，改性胶粘剂表现出最优的力学性能，其抗拉强度达到7.534 MPa，较纯酚醛树脂提升约36%，因此掺入适量生物油可以促进酚醛树脂的粘接性能。（3）m(BO)∶m(PF)=2∶8的生物油改性酚醛树脂的碳化温度（523℃）仅比纯酚醛树脂低10℃，因此具有较好的热稳定性。（4）生物油以不同比例掺杂形成的胶粘剂和纯酚醛树脂胶粘剂的主体结构类似。然而，生物油与酚醛树脂胶粘剂混合后，其大多数基团发生改变，物质活性大幅降低。其中，m(BO)∶m(PF)=2∶8时的红外谱图与纯酚醛树脂最为相近，说明二者的结构类似，均具有较为优良的性能。（5）加入生物油对酚醛树脂胶粘剂改性具有一定效果，其中制备的改性胶粘剂固化后形成的晶体均为非定型晶体，当m(BO)∶m(PF)=2∶8时衍射峰强度最高，固化后更容易结晶，更有利于木材之间的粘接。

Using fast pyrolysis technology to pyrolyze poplar wood to obtain bio-oil(BO),BO was then added to phenolic resin(PF) for modification.A BO-phenolic resin composite adhesive was synthesized by semi synthetic method,and its properties and physicochemical properties were characterized and discussed. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) technology to determine the main components in pyrolyzed bio-oil,especially phenolic substances that played a key role in the modification of phenolic resin.The prepared bio-oilphenolic resin adhesive was tested for viscosity,pH,curing amount,water absorption rate,infrared detection,thermogravimetric analysis,and X-ray diffraction analysis.The research results showed that,(1) The viscosity,pH,and solid content of phenolic resin adhesive modified with bio-oil decreased with the increase of bio-oil addition ratios. The water absorption rate of phenolic resin modified with different ratios of bio-oil was not significantly different,but it was higher than that of pure phenolic resin adhesive.In summary,bio-oil modified phenolic resin adhesive had lower viscosity,stronger acidity,lower solid content,and higher water absorption rate.(2) The tensile strength of modified adhesive showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of bio-oil addition ratios.When m(BO)∶m(PF)=2∶8,the modified adhesive exhibited the best mechanical properties,with the tensile strength of 7.534 MPa,which was about 36% higher than pure phenolic resin. Therefore,adding an appropriate amount of bio-oil could promote the bonding performance of phenolic resin.(3) The carbonization temperature(523 ℃) of bio-oil modified phenolic resin with m(BO)∶m(PF)=2∶8 was only 10 ℃ lower than that of pure phenolic resin,therefore it had good thermal stability.(4) The main structure of adhesive formed by adding bio-oil in different proportions was similar to that of pure phenolic resin adhesive.However,after mixing bio-oil with phenolic resin adhesive,most of its functional groups underwent changes and the activity of the substance was significantly reduced.Among them,the infrared spectrum of m(BO)∶m(PF)=2∶8 was most similar to that of pure phenolic resin,indicating that their structures were similar and both had excellent properties.(5) The addition of bio-oil had a certain effect on the modification of phenolic resin adhesive.The crystals formed after curing of the prepared modified adhesive were all amorphous crystals.When m(BO)∶m(PF)=2∶8,the diffraction peak intensity was the highest,and it was easier to crystallize after curing,which was more conducive to the bonding of wood.