中国胶粘剂

针对航空航天结构粘接对室温固化环氧胶粘剂“高强度-高韧性-工艺可靠”的协同需求，本文以自制高性能双组分环氧结构胶为研究对象，系统探究了固化工艺、基材适配性及施工工艺对粘接性能的影响规律。通过DSC、力学测试及楔子试验，分析了25～70℃温度区间内固化度与力学性能的构效关系，并评价了其对铝合金、钛合金及复合材料体系的粘接耐久性与破坏机理。研究结果表明：该胶粘剂在25℃/7 d、50℃/5 h及70℃/3 h三种工艺下均表现出优异的综合性能，室温剪切强度>30 MPa,100℃高温下仍保持>10 MPa，满足航空结构对宽温域性能的要求。该胶粘剂对铝合金、多种钛合金及复合材料均表现出优异的粘接性能，破坏模式多为混合破坏或复合材料层间内聚破坏，证明该胶粘剂对异质材料界面的润湿性与粘接力已达到较高水平。经湿热环境处理后，试样裂纹扩展长度仅为0.1 cm，证实了该胶粘剂具有优异的抗湿热老化能力与长期结构稳定性。针对施工中的气泡缺陷，本研究创新性地提出了基于双组分静态混合与“中心堆胶”相结合的无气泡施胶工艺，并根据被粘件几何特征优化了“工字形”与“米字形”堆胶策略，显著提升了胶层致密性与工艺可控性。本研究为航空结构胶的工程化应用提供了重要的工艺参数与理论支撑。

To address the synergistic demand for “high strength-high toughness-process reliability” of roomtemperature curing epoxy adhesive in aerospace structural bonding,the self-made high-performance two-,component epoxy structural adhesive was employed as the research object in this study the effects of curing process,substrate adaptability,and construction process on adhesion properties were systematically investigated.Through DSC,mechanical testing,and wedge tests,the structure-property relationships between curing degree and mechanical properties in the temperature range of 25-70 ℃ were analyzed,and the bonding durability and failure mechanisms of aluminum alloy,titanium alloys,and composite material systems were evaluated.The research results showed that this adhesive exhibited excellent comprehensive performance under three processes:25 ℃/7 d,50 ℃/5 h,and 70 ℃/3 h.The room temperature shear strength was over 30 MPa,and it still maintained over 10 MPa at 100 ℃,meeting the requirements of aviation structures for wide temperature range performance. This adhesive exhibited excellent adhesion performance to aluminum alloy,various titanium alloys,and composite materials. The failure modes were mostly mixed failure or interlayer cohesive failure of composite materials,proving that the wettability and adhesion strength of this adhesive to heterogeneous material interfaces had reached a high level.After being treated in a humid and hot environment,the crack propagation length of the sample was only 0.1 cm,confirming that the adhesive had excellent resistance to humid and hot aging and had long-term structural stability. To address bubble defects during construction,a bubble-free adhesive application process based on the combination of two-component static mixing and “center pile-up” was innovatively proposed in this study,and “I-shaped” and “asterisk-shaped” pile-up strategies were optimized according to the geometric characteristics of the bonded parts,and significantly improved the density and process controllability of the adhesive layer. This study provided important process parameters and theoretical support for the engineering application of aerospace structural adhesive.