中国胶粘剂

本研究以苯丙乳液与VAE乳液复配体系为基体，添加聚乙烯醇、松香增黏溶液、重质碳酸钙及丙三醇等组分，成功制备出具有长开放时间的水性PVC地板胶。重点考察了乳液种类和用量、聚乙烯醇种类和用量、松香增黏溶液用量、重钙用量、保湿剂种类和用量对开放期的影响。研究结果表明：（1）选择玻璃化转变温度为-11℃的苯丙乳液，并添加20%（质量分数，下同）的VAE乳液复配，可赋予胶液相对较好的黏附性和强度，开放期可长达6 h。（2）聚乙烯醇选择BP17，且添加量为6%，胶液的开放期可长达6 h。（3）松香增黏溶液使胶液更容易在基材表面展开和渗透，能增加胶液与基材之间的接触面积，从而改善胶液的开放期，添加量为20%相对较佳。（4）随着重钙粉质量分数的增大，胶液强度会增加，但胶液的开放期变短。结合胶液的成本，选择重钙[m(1 000目)∶m(325目)=2∶1]，且添加量16%时胶液综合性能较优。（5）丙三醇的分子间作用强、相容性好，当其添加量达到4%时，胶液的开放期即可达到6 h。所制备胶粘剂在显著延长开放时间的同时，仍具备良好的粘接性能。

In this study,a waterborne adhesive with long open time for PVC floor was successfully prepared by using a composite system of styrene-acrylic emulsion and VAE emulsion as the matrix,and adding components such as polyvinyl alcohol,rosin tackifying solution,heavy calcium carbonate,and glycerol.The effects of the type and amount of emulsion,the type and amount of polyvinyl alcohol,the amount of rosin tackifying solution,the type of heavy calcium,and the type and amount of humectant on the open time were mainly investigated.The research results showed that,(1) Selecting a styrene-acrylic emulsion with a glass transition temperature of-11 ℃ and adding 20%(mass fraction,the same below) of VAE emulsion for compounding could impart relatively good adhesion and strength to the adhesive solution,with an open time of up to 6 h.(2) When BP17 was selected as the polyvinyl alcohol and the addition amount was 6%,the open time of the adhesive solution could be up to 6 h.(3) The rosin tackifying solution made the adhesive easier to spread and penetrate on the substrate surface,increasing the contact area between the adhesive and the substrate,thereby improving the open time of the adhesive,and the relatively optimal addition amount was 20%.(4) Increasing the amount of heavy calcium carbonate powder would enhance the strength of the adhesive solution,but it would shorten the open time of the adhesive solution.Considering the cost of the adhesive solution,the ratio of heavy calcium carbonate [m(1 000 mesh)∶m(325 mesh)=2∶1] was selected,and when the addition amount was 16%,the comprehensive performance of the adhesive solution was optimal.(5) Glycerol exhibited strong intermolecular interactions and good compatibility. When its addition amount reached 4%,the open time of the adhesive solution could reach 6 h. The prepared adhesive had good bonding performance while significantly extending the opening time.