中国胶粘剂

以环氧树脂为基体，采用复配胺类化合物为固化剂，添加经表面改性和组合优化的空心玻璃微球，成功制备了一种具有快速固化、低放热特性的低密度环氧填充料。详细考察了填充料的固化行为、凝胶时间、固化放热温度、剪切强度和压缩性能。研究结果表明：（1）固化剂C2活性高，替代三乙烯四胺可降低起始固化温度，促进快速固化；其引入显著降低放热焓变，减少放热量，避免爆聚。通过调控三乙烯四胺、C1与C2的活性梯度，可优化固化动力学，在快速凝胶的同时有效抑制放热峰。（2）固化剂配方优化显著影响体系的凝胶特性与放热行为。三乙烯四胺/C1组合易引发爆聚，引入C2可实现快速固化与均匀性的平衡，满足施工要求。（3）空心玻璃微球添加量的增加使体系密度显著降低，35%添加量时密度小于0.70 g/cm3，满足特定应用需求。该添加量下复合材料的力学性能良好，剪切强度达15.3 MPa，压缩强度超过55 MPa，压缩模量高于2 000 MPa，综合性能符合使用要求。（4）填充料流动性优异，能完整填充蜂窝目标部位，致密无气泡缺陷，与蜂窝材料粘接牢固无开裂。通过单侧注胶另一侧流出的工艺，实现嵌件周围空间填充及固化加固。该填充料可广泛应用于航空、交通等领域，尤其适用于飞机蜂窝结构的封边和填充。

A low-density epoxy filler with fast curing and low heat release characteristics was successfully prepared by using epoxy resin as matrix,compound amine compounds as curing agent,and adding hollow glass microspheres with surface modification and combination optimization. The curing behavior,gel time,curing exothermic temperature,shear strength and compression properties of the filler were investigated in details. The research results showed that,(1) Curing agent C2 had high activity and could replace triethylenetetramine to lower the initial curing temperature and promote rapid curing.Its introduction significantly reduced the enthalpy change of heat release,reduced the amount of heat released,and avoided explosive aggregation. By adjusting the activity gradient of triethylenetetramine,C1 and C2,the curing kinetics could be optimized,and the exothermic peak could be effectively suppressed while the gel was fast.(2) The optimization of curing agent formulation significantly affected the gel properties and exothermic behavior of the system.The combination of triethylenetetramine/C1 was prone to explosive polymerization,and the introduction of C2 could achieve a balance between fast curing and uniformity,meeting construction requirements.(3) The increase in the amount of hollow glass microspheres added significantly reduced the system density,with a density of less than 0.70 g/cm3 at 35% addition,meeting specific application requirements.The mechanical properties of the composite material were good at this addition amount,with the shear strength reaching 15.3 MPa,the compressive strength exceeding 55 MPa,and the compressive modulus higher than 2 000 MPa. The comprehensive performance met the use requirements.(4) The filler had excellent fluidity and could completely fill the target area of the honeycomb.It was dense without bubble defects and firmly adhered to the honeycomb material without cracking.By using the process of injecting adhesive on one side and flowing out on the other side,the space around the inserts was filled and solidified for reinforcement.This filler could be widely used in aviation,transportation and other fields,especially for edge sealing and filling of aircraft honeycomb structures.